There are various services that ensure authentication during logon. Examples of these are Java Authentication and Authorization Service and Kerberos.
Smart card
Secondary Logon
It is a centralized authentication service provided by Microsoft.This method of authentication uses Microsoft's Passport service to authenticate users. When you use Passport authentication, a user must have a valid Passport account to access the application.
The Windows NT Logon Application (LogonUI.exe) is a component of the Windows NT operating system that manages user authentication during the logon process. It provides the graphical user interface for users to enter their credentials, such as usernames and passwords, and handles the initial validation of these credentials. This application is crucial for maintaining system security by ensuring that only authorized users can access the system. LogonUI can also support features like fast user switching and various authentication methods.
Client for Microsoft networks
Four types of authentication are used: (1) Kerberos and NTLM network logon for remote access to a server in another forest (2) Kerberos and NTLM interactive logon for physical logon outside the user's home forest (3) Kerberos delegation to N-tier application in another forest (4) UPN credentials.
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proving to the service that you are who you say you are.
Secondary Logon.
Secondary Logon
The Netlogon subkey stores information for the Net Logon service. The Net Logon service verifies logon requests, and it registers, authenticates, and locates domain controllers. Also, to maintain backward compatibility, Net Logon manages replication of the user account database to back up domain controllers running Windows NT 4.0 and earlier. For Windows 2000, Net Logon manages replication only when replication involves servers running Windows NT 4.0 and earlier. Net Logon for Windows 2000 does not manage replication between two servers running Windows 2000.
The NETLOGON folder is a shared directory on Windows servers that plays a crucial role in the authentication process of domain users and computers. It stores logon scripts, group policies, and other files needed for user authentication and directory services. Typically found on domain controllers, it facilitates secure logon for users and provides essential resources for network operations. The folder is essential for maintaining the integrity of the Active Directory environment.