In G-type stars, this would be the white dwarf stage. More massive stars could continue to fuse ever heavier elements, until the fusion products consist mainly of iron, and the stellar core collapses into a neutron star or a black hole.
fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms
fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms
the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium
The nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium
Nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei.
Nuclear fusion, converting hydrogen nuclei into helium nuclei.
fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms
When a star exhausts its hydrogen and helium in the outer layers, it can become a red giant and eventually shed those outer layers, leading to the formation of a planetary nebula. The core that remains can become a white dwarf, which is a dense, hot remnant that will gradually cool over time. This process marks the later stages of stellar evolution for medium-sized stars.
Stellar means exceptionally good or outstanding. An example of how to use it in a sentence is the contestant received stellar marks across the board.
A helium flash occurs because the core of the star is in what is known as a "degenerate" state. This means that the core has contracted so much that the pressure of the electron shells of the atoms making up the core prevent the core from contracting further. Under normal gas conditions (i.e. NOT a degenerate state), an increase in the temperature of the core would cause an increase in core pressure resulting in the core expanding and the temperature then dropping. This state is known as hydrostatic equilibrium. With a degenerate core, the temperature increases but the pressure doesn't. This extra energy ignites the helium creating run-away nuclear reactions. This is what is referred to as a "helium flash."
A star eventually uses up all of it's hydrogen in nuclear fusion. They fusion of hydrogen into helium is what makes the star glow bright and hot. When all the helium is fused, the star collapses inward on itself, and becomes a small "white dwarf" star, essentially a pile of "stellar embers". That's the end of a star's life.
Technically, they never run out of gas. A process called fusion combines huge amounts of hydrogen to make helium. When all of the hydrogen runs out, fusion takes place on the helium and the star rapidly increases in size.