This depends on what area you are talking about, almost every component in a computer has different standards around it. The CPU is more than likely a x86, or a x64 processor, the ram is a DDR version, the slots are PCI, PCI-express or AGP, and so on...
Tcp/ip
Today.
The computers that are most popular are Windows computers. Windows based computers are used in most businesses and are widely accepted as the standard in schools as well.
The sentence 'Computers and printers are standard equipment in most classrooms' is a compound sentence because it has more than one subject, "Computers and printers".
DDR2 RAM is not the standard anymore. Until about 2007-2008 it was very commonly used. Today DDR3 is the standard RAM. Though DDR4 is in the works and will debut sometime soon.
cache
5th generation
Most systems will come with BASH installed.
No reason why not - provided you have the necessary driver for the printer installed on the notebook. Almost all printers use the standard USB connection these days. Windows development usually means most of the popular printers are already supported by the operating system.
CMOS memory
Microsoft
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) is a standard electronic interface used between a computer motherboard's data paths or bus and the computer's disk storage devices. The IDE interface is based on the IBM PC Industry Standard Architecture 16-bit bus standard, but it is also used in computers that use other bus standards. Most computers sold today use an enhanced version of IDE called Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics. In today's computers, the IDE controller is often built into the motherboard.