Basically, any type of data. Data stored in computers is stored as 1's and 0's; such data ("digital data") can be encoded in such a way that it represent a wide variety of types of data, such as documents, images, sounds, videos, computer programs, and probably several other types of information. Any such data can be transmitted over a network. However, the network may impose a limit on how fast such data can be transmitted - or more accurately, with what bandwidth (measured in bits per second or some multiple, for example, Mbps). This may make it impractical, for example, to transmit high-quality movies over certain slower networks.
Data transmitted over the Internet is broken into Packets when transmitted over the Internet or other network.
packet sniffer
MD5
Data is transmitted securely over a network through encryption, which scrambles the data into a code that can only be read by authorized parties with the correct decryption key. This ensures that even if the data is intercepted, it cannot be understood by unauthorized users. Other security measures, such as firewalls and secure protocols, also help protect data during transmission.
To access a network, some type of network card must be installed in the computer.
L2TP is a tunneling protocol for an IP network. L2 data is transmitted over the network but has no encryption or authentication abilities. This type of protocol is usually paired with IPSec to provide encryption and authentication.
Information can be securely transmitted and received over a network by using encryption techniques such as SSL/TLS, VPNs, and secure protocols like HTTPS. These methods help to protect data from unauthorized access and ensure that it remains confidential during transmission.
The difference: With PSTN, the voice is transmitted through the network of cables. While with VoIP is transmitted through the internet. This is the main difference between the two communication systems.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. It is a type of digital telephone network that allows for voice, data, video, and other services to be transmitted simultaneously over a single line.
D: md5
Bandwidth. It refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network in a given amount of time, usually expressed in bits per second (bps).