There are two cases. They were disabled manually or they are not accessible. In the first case you need to enable it (check SATA/IDE setting). If they are not accessible you need to make sure that you have install jumpers in the correct order (for IDE), and for SATA check all cables and connections including power cables.
Windows Server Backup utility
Yes, Boot with disk, then choose "Windows Recovery Console"
In the windows backup and restore utility in the control panel you can choose what gets included in the backup
If you are running Windows XP you can right click on the file and choose "send to" and then choose "CDRW Drive" if you are running and older version of Windows you will need CD Burning software such as Roxio Easy CD Creator to name just one.
In Windows 7, you can use the "Disk Management" utility to view and manage disk partitions. To access it, right-click on "Computer" and select "Manage," then choose "Disk Management" from the left panel. This tool allows you to create, delete, resize, and format partitions on your hard drives.
Since there was no list of tools to choose from - the one you're looking for is Task manager
depends on which o.s(operating system example linux, xp, vista and so on...) you are running
Double-click My Computer, right-click the disk to defragment, and choose Properties > Tools > Defragment Now.
They have a better idea of all the products they can choose from, thus allowing them to choose the one they like best, maximizing their utility.
Yes. Just make sure to choose the 64-bit version if you are running a 64-bit operating system
disk cleanup
You should probably choose Windows Setup because that is the program used to install windows. If you were not to upgrade anything you would probably notice that Windows Setup is not there. (but its also a matter of opinion)