ROUTER
NIC stands for Network Interface Card. It is a hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network, either wired or wireless, and communicate with other devices on the network.
NIC is the abbreviation used when referring to a network card.
gateway
It's called a network card (interface).
Wireless network adapter.
MAC filtering
a hub
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is a hardware device that handles an interface to a computer network and allows a network-capable device to access that network. It is a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.
network card, or possibly usb port
It's call a NIC (Network Interface Card)
router
Yes. One does not need to be currently connected to a network to install networking hardware, else you would not have been able to connect to the network in the first place.