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It depends on the language. Java provides the Objectsuperclass (defined in java.lang) from which all other classes must be derived. This allows us to treat any Java object as being "of the same type". This is not necessarily a good thing -- separate types should be kept separate -- however garbage collection would be difficult to implement without a common base class to refer to every type of object.

C++, on the other hand, is not a "pure" object-oriented language; it is a multi-paradigm (procedural, object-oriented and generic). Programmers are free to decide for themselves how to classify user-defined objects, but the built-in types (such as int and double) are not derived from classes, so there can be no superclass. If there were, it would not be possible to write (let alone support) low-level C-style code where there can be no classes of any type. In addition, the standard library types (such as vector and string) have no superclass. In particular, a vector and a vector cannot be regarded as being "of the same type" even if U derives from T. If we really require this functionality, we can easily cater for it in code, but it isn't provided by default (via a superclass) because the language itself does not require it.

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