traceroute is usually used for this purpose.
A network layer packet is commonly referred to as a "packet" or specifically an "IP packet" when discussing Internet Protocol (IP). At this layer, data is encapsulated into packets for routing across different networks. The network layer is responsible for addressing and forwarding these packets to their destination.
The Ping command is used to check the connectivity between two devices by sending ICMP echo requests and measuring the response time, helping to determine if a host is reachable. In contrast, the Traceroute command traces the path that data takes from the source to the destination, displaying all the intermediate hops along the route. While Ping only checks for availability and round-trip time, Traceroute provides detailed information about the network path, making it useful for diagnosing routing issues.
bobo The packet is sent to discover neighbors within the EIGRP network. The packet is sent to search for network devices within an EIGRP network. The packet is used to propagate routing information within the EIGRP network. The packet is used to send an unreachable reply to another router within the EIGRP network.
The Internet is packet switched, meaning each individual packet is routed from the source to the destination separately, and possibly through different paths. An example of a circuit-switched network would be the telephone network, where a connection from one end to the other is created and maintained until the call is disconnected.
tracert (traceroute on unix-like systems) will do this. use the command tracert /? for more information on options for this command, such as the maximum number of "hops".
broadcast the packet through all interfaces except the one on which it was received
To show the packet route in a network, you can use the traceroute command on Unix-like systems or tracert on Windows. For example, you can type traceroute [destination] in a terminal or tracert [destination] in Command Prompt, replacing [destination] with the IP address or hostname you want to trace. This command will display the path that packets take to reach the specified destination, including each hop along the way.
End-to-end delay is the time it takes a packet to travel across the network from source to destination. Delay jitter is the fluctuation of end-to-end delay from packet to the next packet.
PSTN stands for Public switched telephone network PSDN stands for Public switched Data network / Packet Switched Data Network. The basic difference between two is the switching technique used. PSTN uses Circuit Switching and PSDN uses Packet Switching
its general
An IP packet is a network data packet using Internet Protocol (IP) format.
When you send a packet to a host in a remote network, the packet is first forwarded to the default gateway of your local network. From there, the gateway routes the packet through various intermediary routers across the internet, using the destination IP address to determine the best path. Ultimately, the packet arrives at the target host's network, where it is directed to the specific device intended to receive it.