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In MS-DOS, the file that contains internal commands loaded during the booting process is COMMAND.COM. This file serves as the command line interpreter and contains the basic commands necessary for operating the system. When MS-DOS starts, COMMAND.COM is loaded into memory, allowing users to execute commands and run programs.

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Internal commands are commands that are already loaded in the system, It can be executed at any time and are independent. external commands are loaded when the user requests them. Internal commands don't require a separate process to execute them.


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Internal commands are the commands that are executed <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> directly by the shell. These commands will not have a separate process running for each. External commands are the commands that are executed by the kernal. These commands will have a process id running for it. Internal commands are stored in the cmd.exe command interpreter, ex. Dir External commands correspond to a .com or .cmd file, ex.


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Internal commands are built into the command interpreter of an operating system, allowing them to be executed without requiring a separate program file. They typically include commands for file management, system configuration, and process control, such as cd, dir, or echo. Unlike external commands, internal commands do not rely on external executables, making them faster to execute and often essential for basic system operations. Additionally, they operate directly within the command shell environment.


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