network layer
The link layer...
All layers.
Application Presentation Session
A router must implement the Physical layer, the Link layer, and the Network layer
There are no switches that operate on layer 7 (Application layer) on the OSI Model. Switches are a layer-2 device because they manage and switch frames.
The NIC operates on Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI Model.
Which of the OSI layers handle the following. 1.dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames? Data link layer Which of the OSI layers handle the following: 2.dividing the application data into segments? Transport layer the PDU (Packet Data unit) for layers is as the following - Application, Presentation, and Session layers ==> uses Data - Transport layer ==> uses Segment - Network layer ==> uses Packets - Data link layer ==> uses Frames - Physical layer ==> uses Bits. ....
A Switch is a Layer 2 device as they operate in the data link layer
Gateway network device
Devices that operate across the OSI model's seven layers include routers, switches, and firewalls. Routers function primarily at Layer 3 (Network) by directing data packets between networks, while switches operate mainly at Layer 2 (Data Link) to facilitate communication within a local area network. Firewalls can work at multiple layers, inspecting traffic and enforcing security policies across Layer 3 and Layer 4 (Transport), and sometimes even higher layers. Additionally, gateways can operate at all layers, translating between different network protocols.
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.
Routers operate at layer 3. LAN switches operate at layer 2. Ethernet hubs operate at layer 1.