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The history of computer aided manufacturing (CAM) starts with the advent of numerically controlled (NC) machine tools. The first automated machine tool, in 1948, used punched paper cards to control the tool. Later, researchers at MIT experimented with punched paper tape and magnetic tape. They built the first true NC machine tool in 1952. The problem then, was how could the data be generated for controlling the NC machine tool? Douglas Ross, a mathematician working in the MIT Servomechanisms Lab, invented a programming language called APT (Automatically Programmed Tool). This was a huge breakthrough and actually one of the very first computer programming languages ever designed. It could be used to create NC instructions relatively quickly and easily. This was the birth of computer-aided manufacturing. While APT programs could simply be typed in on a teletype or keypunch machine, it was always the vision of Ross that a graphical input system would be used. Thus, the first computer aided design (CAD) systems were an outgrowth of the early CAM work with APT. Systems which allowed both the design of mechanical parts and the manufacturing with NC mill and lathe machines were designated CAD-CAM.

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