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There are actually two types of computers and they process data differently:

  • Analog computers, these computers process data by analogy. Every value in the calculations on an analog computer has a continuous representation as a physical signal analogous to the value. Due to physical tolerances, thermal drift, part aging, etc. these values typically have only 2 to 4 digits of precision and repeating the same calculation several times typically gives somewhat different answers - but an analog computer built using similar technology as a digital computer will run faster, producing answers quicker.
  • Digital computers, these computers process data as coded digital values. Every value in the calculations on a digital computer has a quantized coded representation as one or more decimal digits or binary bits. These values can have as many digits of precision as desired and as digital computers are not sensitive to physical tolerances, thermal drift, parts aging, etc. repeating the same calculation several times will always give identical answers - but a digital computer built using similar technology as an analog computer will run slower, taking longer to produce answers.
Since the development of VLSI integrated circuits in the 1970s (and higher levels of integration since then) digital computer technological development has generally outpaced analog computer technological development and since the 1990s analog computers have effectively vanished. However for many things a simple very inexpensive analog computer could often outperform a modern digital computer at the same task. But few engineers have training in analog computing now, so they never consider them as an option when designing systems.
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