Protocols are a commonly agreed-upon set of rules for common communication between devices. At the data link layer they have to agree on the rules of how the frame is constructed, otherwise there would be no correct way to deliver frames to the intended systems.
Elementary data link protocols must agree at the most rudimentary level. The data frame must be constructed from this level, and all protocols must agree.
The most common WAN data-link protocols are: 1. HDLC 2. PPP 3. Frame Relay 4. ATM
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Here's what you should know: Data link layer protocols must be concerned with the rules for transmitting data across the network media, particularly with encoding and carrying "frames" of data. Although this layer includes providing error detection and notification by adding the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), the Transport Layer is primarily responsible for end-to-end error-free message delivery. WAN Data-Link protocols primarily define how data frames should be packaged for different types of networks. To quote: The data link protocols available for WAN communications define how networks will carry the data frames on a given data link. The data link protocols used for WANs come in three categories: 1. Interface to IBM enterprise data centers: SDLC 2. WAN connections using peer devices: HDLC & PPP 3. Switched or relayed services: X.25/LAPB, Frame Relay, ISDN/LAPD, ATM. Some of these protocols provide functionality as high as in the Network layer of the OSI, and all of these protocols transfer data over a WAN data link.
The data link layer, which is the second layer of the OSI model, includes protocols such as Ethernet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). Ethernet is widely used for local area networks (LANs), while PPP is commonly used for direct connections between two network nodes. Additionally, protocols like Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) also operate at this layer, facilitating wireless communication. These protocols handle framing, addressing, and error detection for data transmitted over physical media.
The role is to transfer frames to packets
Data link layer protocols like PPP and HDLC define how data is encapsulated for transmission across a WAN link.
Atm frame relay
atm and frame-relay
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Two key engineering organizations that define open standards and protocols for the data link layer are the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The IEEE is notably responsible for the 802 standards, including Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), which govern data link layer operations. The ISO, through its ISO/IEC 8802 series, also contributes to standardizing protocols related to the data link layer. These organizations ensure interoperability and compatibility across various networking technologies.
physical layer.