Program instructions are represented in binary notation because computers operate using binary logic, which consists of two states: on (1) and off (0). This binary representation allows for efficient processing and storage of data, as electronic circuits can easily distinguish between these two states. Additionally, binary notation simplifies the design of computer architecture, enabling faster computations and more reliable error detection. Using binary also ensures compatibility across various hardware and software systems.
Binary Codes
Computers don't actually work with 1s and 0s; they are simply human-readable notations for the binary representations that a computer actually works with. We refer to them as binary digits or simply bits. Inside a computer, bits are represented in a variety of ways, including high or low voltage within a capacitor, positively or negatively charged particles upon a magnetic disk or tape, long and short scores burned into an optical disk. Anything that can switch between two possible states and maintain that state (temporarily or permanently) can be used to encode binary information. We use 1s and 0s because it is the most convenient notation for binary arithmetic and logic operations, precisely mimicking the operations within the machine. We also use other notations that are more concise, including hexadecimal notation (where each hex digit represents 4 binary digits) and octal (where each octal digit represents 3 binary digits). The computer doesn't understand these notations any more than it knows the difference between a 1 and 0, but we can program it to convert all of these human notations into binary data (machine code) that it can understand. We can also program it to convert decimal notation to binary, which is convenient when we're working with real numbers such as currency, length, temperature, speed, etc.
Every microprocessor architecture has a specific set of instructions that are embedded into the processor itself and each instruction correspond to a specific opcode. Data and instructions in memory are represented in an address format.
Find out how are keyboard letters represented as binary data.
A program is a sequence of instructions for a computer. Programs are written to tell a computer how to do a specific task.
The CPU primarily uses machine language, which consists of binary instructions. Machine language is the lowest-level programming language, represented in binary code (0s and 1s) that the CPU can directly execute. Higher-level programming languages are ultimately translated into this binary format so that the CPU can perform the specified operations.
They are simply convenient notations. In fact, in binary, 10 is two.
Every decimal number can be represented by a binary number - and conversely.
Use inline assembly instructions. Then compile your C++ program to produce the machine code.
Most assemblers support binary, decimal, hexadecimal and octal notations.
1111 in binary is 15 in decimal. 1111 in decimal is 10001010111‬ in binary.
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