Its used to detect an error if the packet may be mis-routed. I'm not 100% sure.
The checksum field in a TCP header is used to verify the integrity of the TCP segment during transmission. It checks for errors that may have occurred in the data, ensuring that the segment received is the same as the one sent. The checksum is calculated over the TCP header and the data payload, and the receiver recalculates the checksum to confirm its accuracy. If the checksums do not match, the segment is considered corrupted and is typically discarded.
In the commonly used TCP/IP communications, that would either be a TCP header, or a UDP header.In the commonly used TCP/IP communications, that would either be a TCP header, or a UDP header.In the commonly used TCP/IP communications, that would either be a TCP header, or a UDP header.In the commonly used TCP/IP communications, that would either be a TCP header, or a UDP header.
Only TCP will automatically discard a packet with a bad checksum. UDP packets have a checksum field, but it is rarely used, and then only by the application (not UDP itself)
It is a TCP Header
a tcp header contains the information of the source and destination networks and well as what port to access with out it the packet would not know where to go
both tcp and udp
An Ethernet frame has a 14 byte header, a data section, and a 4 byte trailer 14 byte header consist of destination address, source address and type The trailer is for CRC (Cyclic redundancy Check) An Ethernet frame can contain an IP and TCP PDU. IP header most important parts consists of (Version,IHL, Total length,Protocol, source and destination address) In details (Version,Header length,Differentiated services field, total Length, Identification, Flags, fragment offset, Time to live, protocol, header checksum, source and destination address). TCP header most important parts consists of (Source port, Destination port and header Length) In details (Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence number, Acknowledgment number, Header length,Flags,Window and check sum). The details of the IP and TCP header have been taken from a Network protocol Analyzer Wireshark on my own pc.
• checksum • destination port • source port
The sequence number, acknowledge number, and Window fields.
The size of a TCP segment encapsulated by an IP header does not have a fixed size and can vary based on the data being transmitted. However, the maximum size of a TCP segment is typically constrained by the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the network, which is commonly around 1500 bytes for Ethernet. Given that the IP header is 20 bytes, the maximum TCP segment size would be approximately 1480 bytes if there are no additional headers or options. In practice, the exact size would depend on the TCP header size and any options included.
To calculate the checksum of an ICMP packet, you first need to create a pseudo-header that includes the source and destination IP addresses, the protocol number (1 for ICMP), and the length of the ICMP packet. Then, concatenate this pseudo-header with the ICMP packet data. The checksum is computed by performing a bitwise one's complement sum of all 16-bit words in the combined data, followed by taking the one's complement of the final sum. Finally, the calculated checksum is inserted into the ICMP packet's checksum field.
time to live