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Start and stop bits are used in asynchronous transmission to indicate the beginning and end of a data byte. While they help ensure data integrity and synchronization between sender and receiver, they also introduce overhead, as additional bits are transmitted with each byte. This overhead reduces the overall efficiency of data transmission, especially in high-speed applications, as the proportion of actual data to control bits decreases. Consequently, more bits are needed to transmit the same amount of information, leading to lower effective data rates.

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