The windowing is a feature of manage bandwidth of transferring data.
MEX - windowing system - was created in 1985.
**The TCP transport layer protocol uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data. **The TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols. **The TCP transport layer protocol provides services to direct the data packets to their destination hosts.
In the OSI model, flow control is primarily managed by the Transport layer (Layer 4). This layer ensures that data is transmitted at a rate that matches the receiving device's capability to process it, preventing overflow and data loss. It employs techniques such as buffering, windowing, and acknowledgment mechanisms to regulate the flow of data between sender and receiver.
Buffering and windowing
To remove the noise
flow control
The ozone layer blocks some of the incoming ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
The layer of atmosphere is Stratosphere. However it does not protect us. The protection is provided by the Ozone layer.
the key word is abstract means undefined imagehtch
We can help the ozone. We have to stop the use of CFC's.
Primary functions provided by Layer 2 data encapsulation include data link layer addressing, and the detection of errors via cyclic redundancy check calculations. An additional function is delimiting groups of bits into frames.