Windowing is typically provided in the transport layer of the OSI model. It is a flow control mechanism that allows a sender to transmit multiple packets before needing an acknowledgment for the first one, thereby improving throughput and efficiency. This technique is commonly used in protocols like TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) to manage data transmission between devices.
The windowing is a feature of manage bandwidth of transferring data.
MEX - windowing system - was created in 1985.
**The TCP transport layer protocol uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data. **The TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols. **The TCP transport layer protocol provides services to direct the data packets to their destination hosts.
In the OSI model, flow control is primarily managed by the Transport layer (Layer 4). This layer ensures that data is transmitted at a rate that matches the receiving device's capability to process it, preventing overflow and data loss. It employs techniques such as buffering, windowing, and acknowledgment mechanisms to regulate the flow of data between sender and receiver.
Buffering and windowing
To remove the noise
flow control
Flow control is primarily managed at the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model. This layer ensures that data is transmitted reliably and in the correct sequence, using mechanisms like acknowledgments and windowing to manage data flow between sender and receiver. Protocols such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) implement these flow control techniques to prevent overwhelming the receiving device.
The ozone layer blocks some of the incoming ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
the key word is abstract means undefined imagehtch
The layer of atmosphere is Stratosphere. However it does not protect us. The protection is provided by the Ozone layer.
We can help the ozone. We have to stop the use of CFC's.