There are several components, transistors, resistors, intergrated circuits (IC), inductors, capacitors, diodes and possibly a few others. You neeed to be more detailed as to what component you are testing. There is also various types of each component and you should know the characteristics of the particular one needing testing. Research the one in question. YES, this gets very complex!
See an eBook on Testing Electronic Components:
http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/Testing%20Electronic%20Components/TestingComponentsFrontice.html
ntegratd circuit
Analysing a circuit with a shorted component need specialised electrical test equipment.
By using a multimeter
You test electronic components in calibrate laboratorys! Answer: You put them in a circuit and measure whether their response matches their specifications.
No single type of component does this, it is done by a circuit composed of many different components.
An electronic component is simply used to resist the flow of a certain current. In theory, it is connected to a circuit board and includes those resistors, capacitors, and transistors.
Open
An inrush current preventing circuit includes a rectification circuit, a temperature-sensitive component, a controller, a switching circuit, and a tank circuit. The controller outputs a control signal to turn on the switching circuit in response to the tank circuit being at a substantially full voltage, and the rectification circuit and the switching circuit forming a current loop for providing power from the rectification circuit to an electronic device. The controller outputs no control signal to turn off the switching circuit in response to the tank circuit being undercharged, and the rectification circuit and temperature-sensitive component forming a current loop for providing power from the rectification circuit to the electronic device for protecting the electronic device. the rectification circuit and the switching circuit forming a current loop to provide power from the rectification circuit to the electronic device;wherein the controller does not output a control signal to turn off the switching circuit in response to the tank circuit being undercharged, the rectification circuit and temperature-sensitive component forming a current loop to provide power from the rectification circuit to the electronic device such that an excess amount of current is prevented from flowing to the electronic device
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that limits the current flowing in electrical or electronic circuits.
An electronic component, such as a resistor, capacitor, transistor, or integrated circuit, usually controls the flow of current in an electrical circuit. It can either amplify, switch, or modulate the flow of electricity to achieve specific functions within the circuit.
A circuit component is a discrete device or physical entity within an electrical circuit that performs a specific function, such as controlling the flow of current, storing electrical energy, or amplifying signals. Common circuit components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. Each component has unique electrical properties and characteristics that contribute to the overall functionality of the circuit.
The maximum voltage that the electronic parts can conduct without breaking.