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Logic gates are transistor circuits, normally arranged on a silicon base and encapsulated inside an integrated circuit. (chip).

Using several transistors wired together, their inputs can be arranged such that, for given inputs, the output will only change state for certain conditions.

The transistor switches are in either of two states, 'on' and 'off'. These are logic states 1 & 0 (one or zero), hence binary.

The logic uses Boolean algebra.

NOT, means it is 'not on', = OFF. This is abbreviated in the descriptions as the letter 'N'

A simple AND gate, means that the output is at level zero until both inputs have a level 1 voltage on them.

A NAND gate is a 'Not And' gate. The result is reversed. The output is always at logic level 1 until both inputs also have a level 1 also.

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