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Several factors facilitated European colonization of America, including advanced maritime technology, such as improved ship designs and navigational tools like the compass and astrolabe. The desire for new trade routes and resources, spurred by the Renaissance and competition among European powers, drove exploration. Additionally, the spread of diseases like smallpox devastated Indigenous populations, significantly weakening resistance to colonization. Lastly, the establishment of mercantilist policies encouraged the establishment of colonies for economic gain.

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