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Continue Learning about Criminology

What did the convicts do?

The convicts literally built the colony. They constructed the buildings, roads and bridges and quarried the stone for building as well as cutting down the trees. They established the first farms and crops, and tended the livestock. Some convicts were assigned as servants or tradesmen to free settlers. Other, educated convicts were given work that suited their education; for example, one of Australia's most famous convicts was the architect Francis Greenway.


What do slaves and convicts have in common?

Slaves and convicts are both individuals who have been deprived of their freedom. Slaves are forced into unpaid labor against their will, while convicts are incarcerated as punishment for committing a crime. Both groups historically have faced severe oppression and exploitation.


Which colony was mostly inhabited by convicts?

It was the first European colony in Australia, at Sydney in 1988. The English established the colony in order to relocate the convicts from the overcrowded prisons in England. In spite of their heritage, many of the Australians of today are honest people. The convicts were not the first settlers: the original Australians had already been there for maybe 50,000 years.


What were some punishments the convicts got if they misbehaved?

Convicts who misbehaved could be subjected to floggings, solitary confinement, hard labor, or restraints. They could also have their rations reduced or face longer periods of imprisonment. In extreme cases, convicts could be transported to more remote penal colonies or have their sentence extended.


What kind of people were the convicts?

The convicts who were sent to Australia were ordinary, everyday people who made the mistake of committing any of a range of crimes, from larceny and fraud to stealing a mere loaf of bread in order to survive. None of the convicts were murderers.