Pilot
The astrolabe is a precursor to the modern sextant, which is used for celestial navigation at sea. Both instruments are designed to determine the altitude of celestial bodies above the horizon.
A compass and a map of the world.
NO, you do not need to buy Garmin GPS software if you use a Garmin navigational device. You can just download them at www8.garmin.com/support/download.jsp
As a sea navigational aid.
sonar
It depends on how it is used. . . and by who. When used as a surveillance tool by law enforcement it must be approved by the courts. When used as a navigational device, you give up your right to privacy in order to be able to use it.
"Lighthouses are designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and used as a navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways."
magnetometer
port / left side
Starboard (right) side
When returning from sea, a green navigational buoy should be passed on the starboard (right) side of the vessel. This follows the IALA (International Association of Lighthouse Authorities) buoyage system, which indicates that green buoys mark the port side when approaching from the sea. Always ensure to navigate safely and be aware of your surroundings when passing navigational markers.