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Most African nations were faced with the challenged of gaining legitimacy. There was also the challenge of handing over power in a smooth and effective transition.
When there is diversity, but the governments and religious ideologues believe in only one proper path, there is necessarily tension. Minorities are actively discriminated against in the Middle East by leaders (both political and religious) who favor only the majority population.
dictators governed latin american nations after independence
Alice Walker
ethnic diversity
Germany
Ask Iraq or Afghanistan.
It led to nations gaining their independence from the Ottoman Empire.
it took years to for some nations to gain independence
Many American nations fought wars of independence.
Latin American nations have tried to achieve economic independence by controlling their means of production. Oil producing Latin American nations have nationalized oil companies.
Deforestation