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The number changed over time, as more tribes were conquered and came under his control while others decided to leave the Powhatan group. In 1584 English explorers said that there were about 34 tribes, numbering around 10,000 people in 200 villages - but they were estimating, not counting.

We know that at various times the following were under his leadership:

Chickahominy, Susquehannock, Mannahoak, Chesapeake, Arrohattock, Mattapony, Monacan, Tuckwogh, Occaneechi, Pamunkey, Massawomek, Kuskarawaok, Manahoac, Rappahannock, Mangoags, Nanticoke, Powhatan, Appomattucks, Chawons, Ctroatoan, Atquanachuk, Youghtanund, Payankatank, Nantaughtacund, Onawmanient.

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