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"Studies have shown that a deficiency of Vitamin B12 can lead to abnormal neurological and psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms may include: ataxia (shaky movements and unsteady gait), muscle weakness, spasticity, incontinence, hypotension, vision problems, dementia, psychoses, and mood disturbances. Researchers report that these symptoms may occur when Vitamin B12 levels are just slightly lower than normal and are considerably above the levels normally associated with anemia. People at risk for Vitamin B12 deficiency include strict vegetarians, elderly people, and people with increased Vitamin B12 requirements associated with pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, liver or kidney disease. Administering Vitamin B12 orally, intramuscularly, or intra-nasally is effective for preventing and treating dietary Vitamin B12 deficiency. An oral dose of 100-250 micrograms/day is usually adequate, although patients with absorption difficulties may need 1,000 micrograms/day of Vitamin B12. Oral preparations should not be used in patients with diarrhea, vomiting, severe neurological involvement, or in patients likely to be noncompliant to therapy."

For more details, see the link.
most importatnly, megaloblastic anemia. (really big red blood cells and not enough of them)
what happens to the body when it does not get enough vitamin b12?

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