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How are lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms affected in liver muscle and adipose tissues during prolonged starvation?
Prolonged starvation, the liver will release glycogen in response to the glucagon secreted from the pancreas as a result of low blood glucose level. Glucagon synthesis is inhibited by glycogen by triggering cyclic AMP. In the meantime, glucose is synthesised by the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate derived from glycogen. The glucose is released from the liver into the blood to increase its level of glucose.
The lipids are mobilised from adipose tissues as free fatty acids to supply energy for the muscle tissues. This involves the preparation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA and Co2 by acetyl CoA carboxylase. Carbons are then added in pairs to a growing fatty acyl chain in a four-step sequence by fatty acid synthase. The acetyl CoA formed can then be shunted to ketone bodies in the liver for energy production. 2 acetyl CoA are joined to release 1 CoA and 1 acetoacetyl CoA. The acetoacetyl CoA is then converted into acetoacetate where it can futher decompose into acetone or reduced into beta-hydroxybutyrate. Both acetone and beta-hydroxybutyrate are ketones that can be exported to muscle tissues to provide them with energy.
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Which system in the body is least affected by starvation?
The nervous system is generally the least affected by starvation in the short term. While other systems, such as the musculoskeletal and immune systems, can experience significant deterioration, the brain primarily relies on glucose, which can be derived from glycogen stores and later from ketones produced during fat metabolism. However, prolonged starvation can eventually impact cognitive function and overall brain health as energy reserves deplete.
How else were the people affected by the Kobe earthquake?
by starvation
Which countries were affected by starvation?
Usually,Africa,south America,and India.I think it has something to do with their access to other countries,population,and the place/area where they hope this helps.unlike India Africa are the most how have suffered by starvation
Which endocrine glads would be most affected by prolonged mental stress on the body?
The adrenal glands would be most affected by prolonged mental stress on the body. This is due to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline from the adrenal glands in response to the stressful situation. Prolonged stress can lead to adrenal fatigue and dysregulation of the body's stress response.
Why were the Greek women and children affected from the Persian War?
When war rampages through your area with all the side problems and starvation and death of fathers and husbands, and it goes on for 50 years, it is obvious they would be affected.
What is the effect of prolonged stress on the immune systems?
The body is affected and loses its ability to adapt to the situation and fatigue may set in
What is the effect on prolonged stress on the immune system?
The body is affected and loses its ability to adapt to the situation and fatigue may set in
What body parts are affected by weed?
None with short time use but prolonged messes with your lungs and kills brain cells
How was central Europe affected by the Holocaust?
The Jewish population of central Europe was devastated following the Holocaust. The Central Europe also suffered from disease and starvation.
How was Ukraine affected by Stalin's collectivization of agriculture?
As a result of Stalin's collectivization of agriculture, Ukraine's population faced massive starvation which resulted in millions of deaths.
What hypothesis for a method in investigating a factor that affects the temperature of a chemical reaction?
The rise in temperature is affected by the amount of anhydrous sodium carbohydrate added to 20ml of water
What problems are caused for agriculture if the rainfall arrives early?
early arrival of monsoon means prolonged rainy season may cause floods. Harvesting of Rabi crops may be affected. The sowing of Kharif crops may be affected.
