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These are called amino acids. They form long peptide chains via dehydration synthesis. These bonds are called peptide bonds. amino acids have several parts, all of which revolve around a center carbon atom. The first is called an amino group. This consists of a nitrogen and two hydrogens. The next is a carboxyl group. This consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to a hydroxyl group which is an oxygen bonded to a hydrogen. Then there is a hydrogen bonded to the same center carbon. Lastly there is an R group. This is a variable group that determines the type of amino acid, and therefor is function. Each amino acid ahas a different R group.

H R O

N C

H H OH

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