C3H9O3 is the chemical formula for glycerol, also known as glycerin. It is a colorless, odorless, and sweet-tasting liquid that is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to its moisturizing properties. Glycerol is a trihydroxy alcohol, containing three hydroxyl (–OH) groups, which contribute to its solubility in water and its ability to form hydrogen bonds. Additionally, it serves as an important building block in the synthesis of lipids and triglycerides in biological systems.