On the surface it seems that these two different animals eat the same things. And in a way they do. But cattle need a higher level of protein, especially to make milk for dairy farming. If you feed alfalfa cattle get the first and second cutting of hay. Horses do much better on second and subsequent cuttings. If you feed your horse any grain or all-in-one, make sure it's not too rich for him.
They eat normal cattle feed including hay, they will usually be fed a high energy grain such as corn.
No. This feed is meant for chicks, not cattle. There may be animal by-products in there that could be harmful to cattle, as in the form of risk of BSE prions, not to mention the protein and fat content may be too high for your animals' needs.
They all get different types of feed. Cattle cannot be fed animal-byproducts of any sort, but chickens can. Layers need to be fed grain that is high in calcium and phosphorus and protein. Broilers are fed feed high in protein and energy to increase muscle mass. CHickens can be fed a variety of grains: barley, corn, wheat, rye, etc. and live off of this with no problems. Cattle can also be fed a variety of grains, but need a roughage diet to balance out the high-protein ration to decrease the incidence of bloat and acidosis. Cattle cannot live off of grain like chickens can, and need to eat grass and/or hay along with the serving of grain they get.
The main component of a ration for cattle is roughage (hay, pasture, or even silage, to some extent). The second component is what is called a "high concentrate" feed such as grain or by-products. Non-fattener diets for cattle should make up at least 60% roughage.A feed by itself primarily is analyzed nutritionally by protein (as "crude protein") and energy (as TDN or "total digestible nutrients"). There are other equally important components that need to be looked at, such as fibre content (neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre), calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and even sodium. All of these will determine if the feed is nutritionally enough to feed to cattle, or if an additional feed (or more) needs to be added so that cattle are getting their full nutritional requirements.Saying that, it is extremely rare that one feed will contain enough nutrients to meet most requirements of most bovines.
Finisher cattle are range-raised, i.e. - grass fed, yearling or older beef cattle that are ready to be "finished" on grain to increase marbling prior to slaughter.
Beet pulp is an alternative feed to grain that is fed to livestock such as cattle and horses. It is high in nutrients and protein, which make it an ideal and cheaper alternative to corn, oats or barley.
Both and neither, as it depends on your location, the type of cattle you own and how you choose to raise them. Many areas exist in the world where corn (in reference to it as a grain, not a plant) is unavailable and/or too expensive to purchase to be considered as worthwhile feed--supplement or not--for a producer's animals. Various places exist in the world--such as the not-so-southerly areas of the five largest provinces of Canada--where the growing season is too short and summer temperatures are too cool for growing corn as a grain crop, even though some such Canadian producers can grow it as silage or as a standing crop for their cattle, but never for corn grain. Such areas are much more ideal for growing barley, oats and wheat instead.Even if it is available and relatively inexpensive, many producers will choose to not feed such a feed to either fatten their animals or just to feed them because it's their choice not to based on their animals' genetics, their management practices which determine the lack of a need to feed such a feedstuff to their animals, and their finances.I would like to address the first and second parts of this question before I draw any kind of conclusion as to what a good answer to this question will be.Fattening cattleAs mentioned above, not every producer in the world has access to corn to finish their cattle for slaughter, and not every producer chooses to feed this grain to their finishers. Many producers in various parts of the world have access to other, often considered "better" grains than corn, including barley, rye, wheat, oats and triticale. A few producers who like to target the "grass-fed" (more precisely termed "grass-finished") market choose to boycott feeding any sort of grain to their cattle. Instead they choose to feed them grass, even in its most domesticated or tame form, such as standing corn plants or swathed winter oats."To Just Feed Them"To be frank, it is a very pathetic excuse to feed corn to cattle because you want to "just feed them" such a grain because no such excuse exists in the cattle industry, regardless if we're talking beef or dairy. There is always a reason why you choose to feed grain to cattle, never just because you can.Corn is considered an energy feedstuff because of the high starch content found in the endosperm. Seventy (70) percent of a single grain of corn is starch, and only 10 percent is protein. Thus, if it's available and inexpensive (relatively speaking), the primary reason a producer would choose to feed his/her cattle corn excluding the means to fatten them up for slaughter would be to encourage weight gain by increasing the energy content of their current ration.Energy content of a ration will need to be increased if a producer's cattle are thinner than they should be and/or are not gaining nor maintaining weight on the current feed--be it grass, hay, or silage--they are fed; poor reproductive rates have been found to be associated with a lower-than-recommended energy intake in a herd's ration by a hired cattle nutritionist; a feed report has come back telling a producer that the current ration is deficient in energy content; cattle are cold-stressed; and pasture and feed supplies are stretched to the limit so much that grain needs to be fed to stretch them out as much as possible until feed can be purchased and brought in.The current issue with today is that majority of corn grown in the USA and parts of Canada is grown for the production of ethanol, not for livestock feed as is the common belief--but partly true, nonetheless. The by-product of the ethanol industry, DDG (dried distiller's grains) is fed to cattle, but only as part of a ration, never as a ration itself due to the particles being extremely fine to the point of powder, and the high content in protein and fat (which is what you get when the starch portion of the grain is extracted for ethanol). If DDG is fed by itself, it will cause acidosis. DDG is purchased to feed to cattle by producers who have easy access to such a by-product and can purchase it in large quantities, usually.Regardless, the ethanol industry, encouraged by the federal government through subsities to farmers to grow corn to meet demands for a "clean" fuel source, is taking over and surpassing the demand of corn being used for feed or food. Such demands increase the price of corn, making it more difficult and costly for producers to purchase such a high-energy feed source for their animals should they need it. As mentioned before, there is no such thing as feeding a grain just because you can. Presently, this is most certainly the case, however in the past this may have not been such, particularly if/when the price of corn grain was much cheaper than it is now. With prices higher than what cattle producers like to see or have, they must have a very good excuse and compelling reason to purchase such a grain for their cattle. Otherwise, they're sunk or faced with the alternative to change things so that grain is no longer a requirement as part of their operation.
Yes they can. Canola meal is a by-product moderately-high in energy and an excellent source of protein for cattle, and is a good feedstuff to incorporate into your animal's feeding program if protein is lacking. Canola itself is very high in energy (due to the oil content), so it should be fed to cattle in modest amounts, just like you would with any type of high-energy grain.
Generally, it is expressed as EE or Ether Extract. This is the crude fat content of a feedstuff. Fat is an energy source that has 2.25 times the energy density of carbohydrates. However, on the feed tag itself, fat content or lipid content is expressed, in addition to digestible fiber, protein content and carbohydrates, as NE or Net Energy. NE is only used for high to moderate concentrates such as grain or grain-mix diet formula. If you don't have a feed back of concentrate ration but instead forage pellets, then you will find the fat content expressed as, in conjunction with the other contents added above, as TDN or Total Digestible Nutrient. NE is a value only used for cattle. For horses and pigs, the feed tag should be reading as DE or Digestible Energy. All values mentioned (NE, DE and TDN) are expressed as MCal/lb or MCal/kg. See the related link below for more.
You begin with a weaned calf, these are generally called stockers. Then you feed them a high energy grain to put lots of weight on them and fast. They are finished when they reach slaughter weights of approximately 1,100 to 1,400 pounds.
It is used as a feed, seed and silage. It is also a high-energy feed source necessary for fattening up cattle and hogs for slaughter, since it puts on fat quickly when fed in high amounts.
Yes. Theobromine doesn't affect cattle like it affects horses, dogs, cats and rodents, but chocolate is still high in carbohydrates and starch which would affect the animal just like feeding it too much grain would. So moderation should be practiced when feeding cattle chocolate, just like feeding grain.