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There are three important omega-3 fatty acids:

  • Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a short-chain (18-carbon) omega-3 fatty acid, which is found in many vegetables, beans, nuts, seeds, and fruits. There are relatively large amounts in soy, walnuts, flax seeds, hemp seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, mustard seeds, and chia seeds. Brazil nuts and wheat germ also contain significant amounts. It's also found in green leafy vegetables, grains, and spirulina. Your body cannot make its own ALA, so you need to eat some of these foods each day. Your body can convert ALA to EPA (eiocosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid).
  • Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a long-chain (20-carbon) omega-3 fatty acid, which is found in very small amounts in microalgae, leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, and walnuts. Your body can produce EPA out of ALA and out of DHA.
  • Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain (22-carbon) omega-3 fatty acid, which is found in very small amounts in spirulina, leafy greens, cruciferous vegetables, and walnuts. Your body can convert EPA into DHA; however, a high intake of linoleic acid may suppress your body's ability to convert alpha-linolenic acid to DHA. Avoid refined oils, especially sunflower, safflower, and corn oil, and use tiny amounts of oils containing alpha-linolenic acid such as soy and walnut oils, which will assist your body in making more DHA.
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