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One distinction between plant protein and animal protein is that animal protein contains carnitine, which is not an essential amino acid for humans. Your intestinal bacteria feed on the carnitine in animal protein and produce trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO promotes the growth of fatty deposits on the walls of your arteries and and slows the removal of cholesterol from the arteries' walls.

Another distinction is that animal proteins contain very large amounts of sulfur, especially in the essential amino acid methionine and the conditionally essential amino acid cysteine. Your body makes other sulfur-containing amino acids out of these, including keto-methionine, cystine, homocysteine, cystathionine, taurine, and cysteic acid.

Even though you need a small amount of sulfur-containing amino acids, an excess of these amino acids beyond your needs causes the following problems:

  1. Your body breaks down the sulfur-containing amino acids into powerful sulfuric acid. Excess acid causes your body to use calcium from your bones to maintain pH. This can lead to osteoporosis and kidney stones.
  2. Your body breaks down methionine (which is very high in animal protein) into homocysteine, which is a risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, closure of your leg arteries (peripheral vascular disease), blood clots in your legs (venous thrombosis), cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and depression.
  3. Methionine feeds cancerous tumors. Normal cells can get the sulfur they need from other sulfur-containing amino acids, but cancer cells, including breast, lung, colon, kidney, melanoma, and brain cancers, need methionine. Meat and dairy products also raise the levels of a powerful growth-stimulating hormone, called insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which magnifies the effects of methionine to promote cancer, including cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and lung.
  4. Sulfur from high-methionine (animal) protein is toxic to the tissues of your intestine, and can damage your colon, leading to a disease called ulcerative colitis.

Casein, the main protein in dairy foods, incites cancer progression.

The absence of casein and the lower amounts of carnitine, methioine, and cysteine in plant protein have several advantages:

  1. Plant proteins do not incite cancer progression.
  2. A diet based on plant food is low in carnitine, which keeps your arteries healthy.
  3. Plant-based diets are low in both calories and methionine. Low-calorie diets slow the aging process and prolong life. Low-methionine diets also prolong life.
  4. Plant protein makes you smell better. The high sulfur in animal protein causes bad breath, body odor, and flatulence that smells like rotten eggs.
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