The neuroretina is a layer of the eye that contains the neural components responsible for processing visual information. It includes photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that detect light and color, as well as various types of interneurons and ganglion cells that transmit visual signals to the brain via the optic nerve. The neuroretina plays a critical role in converting light into electrical impulses, which are then interpreted by the brain to form images. It is crucial for vision and is susceptible to various diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.