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The body converts food into energy through a process called metabolism, which involves breaking down nutrients from food into usable forms. Carbohydrates are converted into glucose, fats into fatty acids, and proteins into amino acids. These molecules are then utilized in cellular respiration, primarily in the mitochondria, where they are oxidized to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process also generates byproducts like carbon dioxide and water, which are expelled from the body.

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