Elderly patients require more vitamins and less water than adults. Elderly patients cannot tolerate high levels of water.
Pregnant patients require more energy and special vitamin requirements.
Pediatric patients require more calories and proteins and less electrolytes than adults. Total parenteral nutrition solution for pediatric patients should always include vitamin K and should be dosed based on weight.
Patients who require moderate energy and protein for up to 2 weeks need peripheral parenteral nutrition.
Ready-to-use total parenteral nutrition is not used for paediatric patients and patients who are intolerant of some of its specific components.
nursing care intervesion
Home parenteral nutrition is used when patients are transferred from the hospital to an alternative setting such as transitional care units, rehabilitation hospitals or back home. It involves delivering parenteral nutrition via a central line and this nutrition is most likely provided by a commercial company.
These kind of patients need parenteral nutrition:Patient in a coma with pre-existing malnutritionPreterm infants and children who are not fit for enteral nutritionPatients with a systemic inflammatory response after a major traumaPatients with a compromised gastrointestinal tract such as those with a gastrointestinal diseasePatients who are transiting to enteral nutrition
Patients who cannot or will not eat, or who are unable to absorb nutrients taken by mouth, may be fed intravenously (parenteral nutrition) or through a tube inserted into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (enteral nutrition).
Ramadan Ali Abushufa has written: 'Measurement and significance of erythrocyte linoleic acid in patients on home parenteral nutrition'
In a hospital, the pharmacy department will generally mix it (under sterile conditions). Some parenteral nutrition comes premixed, however additives must be injected. For home TPN patients, the providing pharmacy generally mixes up as much as possible beforehand, although the patient may need to complete the process.
Parenteral fluid refers to a sterile liquid administered directly into the body via injection, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It is commonly used in medical settings for hydration, nutrient delivery, or medication administration, particularly when oral intake is not possible. Types of parenteral fluids include intravenous (IV) solutions, such as saline, dextrose, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). These fluids are essential for patients requiring immediate or long-term support.
enteric coated and modified release products are unsuitable.