Vitamin D deficiency can occur despite adequate sunlight exposure and consumption of foods like tuna and salmon due to several factors. Individual variations in skin type, geographic location, and time spent outdoors can affect how much vitamin D is synthesized in the skin. Additionally, the body's ability to absorb and utilize vitamin D from food can be influenced by factors such as age, digestive health, and certain medical conditions. Lastly, dietary sources may not provide enough vitamin D to meet daily requirements, especially if intake is inconsistent.