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There are several levels of alert in the early warning system. First there are severe weather outlooks by the Storm Prediction Center. These assess the general risk of severe weather across the U.S., usually up to 2 days out. However, sometimes outlooks may extend to 8 days out. These forecasts are based on computer weather models.

The next level is a tornado watch. A tornado watch is issued for a region of conditions over the next few hours will favor the formation of tornadoes. These to are issued by the Storm Prediction Center based on analysis of general weather conditions.

Finally there is a tornado warning, which is issued. Tornado warnings, which are issued by local National Weather Service offices, are based on a more integrated approach. One of the first lines of defense is Doppler radar, which can detect rotation in a storm that may produce a tornado and can sometimes detect the signature of the tornado itself. This warning system also relies on eyewitness reports. People can call in to report funnel clouds, tornadoes and rotation that can sometimes escape radar detection. Additionally, Doppler radar cannot "see" if a tornado is on the ground, so eyewitness reports may be needed to verify that one has touched down.

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