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It was invented by a German submariner in the 1940's and was intended to be used aboard submarines in the event of a fire producing a high content of CO, it was not introduced into coal mining in Britain until the 1960's and had it been introduced sooner would no doubt have saved lives. Hopcalite is the chemical constituent that turns CO into CO2 which can be respirated, the average self rescuer will last for approximately an hour, allowing egress from a potentially dangerous mining environment after a fire where a high concentration of CO is present.

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