Generally, no, but a fire would.
Use a fire extinguisher or water.I mostly recommend water I don't know if a fire extinguisher will stain, bleach, or ruin your clothing
A few drops of oil will ruin a can of paint
It is not possible for pizza dough itself to ruin car paint. The acidity that is found in pizza sauce can ruin the paint, however.
Yes, vinegar has the potential to ruin paint because its acidic properties can break down the paint's surface and cause it to peel or fade.
Yes
yes
No, it could ruin the paint job.
Most fire alarm products state that you shoud not paint over the fire alarm detector. This could ruin the sensor, and if it's broken, the company would probably blame you or charge you extra for doing something that they told you not to do. Idealy, you shouldn't do it in any case. The fumes could damage the sensor's components inside. So no, not really!
acid/sulfur content
This sounds devious, I won't answer this one.
I would just get cello tapes because it could ruin the paint on a cello.
Letting it remain dirty can ruin the paint job.