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Has a greater partial pressure in the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli so it diffuses into the?
C02:alveoli
Is Pco2 is greater in the alveoli than it is in the arterial end of pulmonary capillaries?
No. Once blood reaches the alveoli it will immediately start to release CO2 to the air in our lungs and absorb O2 from the air in our lungs. This means that the PCO2 will be higher in the blood of the pulmonary artery than in the blood of the alveolus. If this were not so, then passing blood through the alveoli would be pointless.
Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries of the lungs because there is a?
greater concentration of oxygen in the air sacs of the lungs than in the capillaries.
How is blood oxygenated in the lungs?
The operating principle is a process called diffusion, which causes a substance to move from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration. Think of a squirt of perfume diffusing from a corner in a room until you can smell it everywhere in the room. Blood returning from the body to the lungs has a higher percentage of carbon dioxide (CO2) than the air inhaled into the lungs does. Conversely the concentration of oxygen (O2) in the inhaled air is greater than the concentration of O2 in the returning blood. Haemoglobin, which can (loosely) bond to both O2 and CO2, facilitates the exchange of gasses from respective regions of high concentration to the regions of lower concentration. Specifically, CO2 moves from the returning blood (higher concentration) to the air in the lungs (lower concentration) and oxygen moves in the other direction, thus oxygenating the blood.
According to if it were not for pulmonary surfactants you should expect the surface tension in a small alveolus to produce greater pressure than in a large one and air would flow from small to large?
Pulmonary surfactants reduce surface tension in alveoli, preventing them from collapsing and making it easier for air to flow in and out of the lungs. Without surfactants, smaller alveoli would have a higher surface tension, leading to greater pressure inside them compared to larger alveoli. As a result, air would tend to flow from smaller alveoli to larger ones to equalize pressure, potentially causing problems with lung function.
Where is the oxygen in greater concentrations in the alveoli or in the blood?
alveoli son..
How is the heart involved in pulmonary circulation?
Right side of the heart is involved in pulmonary circulation. This circulation is called, at times, as lesser circulation, as against the greater or systemic circulation. Blood that flows through the lesser and greater circulation is same in amount. But there is gross difference between the two. You have interstitial compartment in the systemic circulation. This is maintained through high blood pressure there. You do not have the same in pulmonary circulation. What you need here is simple blood flow, with out formation of the interstitial compartment. For that you have blood systolic blood pressure of about 25 mm of mercury. The blood pressure in the capillaries is about 15 mm of the mercury. The oncotic pressure of the blood proteins is about 22 mm of mercury. So very little fluid is leaked out to keep the alveoli wet. Some times in diseased condition more fluid is leaked out in the alveoli, to give rise to pulmonary oedema.
Do you expect the pressure to be greater in the capillaries or the vein?
i would say capillaries...
What are the two types of circulation of blood in the body?
Pulmonary and systemic
Why do most tissues have a greater supply of capillaries than veins and arteries?
Capillaries service cells, arteries and veins transport blood to and from capillaries, respectively.
Why must capillaries have a greater surface area to volume ratio compared to arteries?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels. They need to have a greater surface area to volume ratio because they need to diffuse oxygen quicker.
Is it dangerous to breathe pure oxygen?
We breathe air that is 21 percent oxygen, and we require oxygen to live. So you might think that breathing 100 percent oxygen would be good for us -- but actually it can be harmful. So, the short answer is, pure oxygen is generally bad, and sometimes toxic. To understand why, you need to go into some detail …Your lungs are basically a long series of tubes that branch out from your nose and mouth (from trachea to bronchi to bronchioles) and end in little thin-walled air sacs called alveoli. Think of soap bubbles on the end of a straw, and you'll understand alveoli. Surrounding each alveolus are small, thin-walled blood vessels, called pulmonary capillaries. Between the capillaries and the alveolus is a thin wall (about 0.5 microns thick) through which various gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) pass.When you inhale, the alveoli fill with this air. Because the oxygen concentration is high in the alveoli and low in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries, oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood. Likewise, because the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the blood that's entering the capillaries than it is in the alveolar air, carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the alveoli. The nitrogen concentration in the blood and the alveolar air is about the same. The gases exchange across the alveolar wall and the air inside the alveoli becomes depleted of oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide. When you exhale, you breathe out this carbon dioxide enriched, oxygen-poor air.Now what would happen if you breathed 100 percent oxygen? In guinea pigs exposed to 100 percent oxygen at normal air pressure for 48 hours, fluid accumulates in the lungs and the epithelial cells lining the alveoli. In addition, the pulmonary capillaries get damaged. A highly reactive form of the oxygen molecule, called the oxygen free radical, which destroys proteins and membranes in the epithelial cells, probably causes this damage. In humans breathing 100 percent oxygen at normal pressure, here's what happens:Fluid accumulates in the lungs.Gas flow across the alveoli slows down, meaning that the person has to breathe more to get enough oxygen.Chest pains occur during deep breathing.The total volume of exchangeable air in the lung decreases by 17 percent.Mucus plugs local areas of collapsed alveoli -- a condition called atelectasis. The oxygen trapped in the plugged alveoli gets absorbed into the blood, no gas is left to keep the plugged alveoli inflated, and they collapse. Mucus plugs are normal, but they are cleared by coughing. If alveoli become plugged while breathing air, the nitrogen trapped in the alveoli keeps them inflated.The astronauts in the Gemini and Apollo programs breathed 100 percent oxygen at reduced pressure for up to two weeks with no problems. In contrast, when 100 percent oxygen is breathed under high pressure (more than four times that of atmospheric pressure), acute oxygen poisoning can occur with these symptoms:NauseaDizzinessMuscle twitchesBlurred visionSeizures/convulsionsSuch high oxygen pressures can be experienced by military SCUBA divers using rebreathing devices, divers being treated for the bends in hyperbaric chambers or patients being treated for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. These patients must be carefully monitored during treatment.
