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The Four Source Theory, also known as the Documentary Hypothesis, posits that the first five books of The Bible (the Pentateuch) were derived from four distinct sources, each with its own style and theological emphasis. These sources are traditionally identified as J (the Yahwist), E (the Elohist), D (the Deuteronomist), and P (the Priestly source). The theory suggests that these texts were later compiled and edited into a single narrative, reflecting the diverse traditions and beliefs of ancient Israel. This hypothesis has been influential in biblical scholarship, though it remains debated among scholars.

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