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The utilitarian theory is based on the principle of maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering, often summarized as "the greatest good for the greatest number." It holds that the moral value of an action is determined by its consequences, specifically its impact on overall well-being. This theory emphasizes a consequentialist approach, where the outcomes of actions are the primary consideration in ethical decision-making. Utilitarianism seeks to promote the collective welfare and is often associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

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