Zellynne Jennings-Wray has written: 'Introduction ot curriculum theory planning and practice. Unit III. Influence of psychological theories of learning on the curriculum'
Sociological theories of crime emphasize the role of social factors, such as poverty and social inequality, in influencing criminal behavior. On the other hand, psychological theories focus on individual characteristics, such as personality traits and cognitive processes, in understanding criminal behavior. In essence, sociological theories look at external influences on crime, while psychological theories focus on internal influences.
Islam is not against these theories.
Neoanalytic approaches, which emphasize the role of interpersonal relationships and social contexts in understanding personality, have influenced modern theories by highlighting the importance of factors beyond innate psychological structures. These approaches have led to a more holistic and dynamic understanding of personality, integrating both traditional psychoanalytic concepts and contemporary research on interpersonal processes. Overall, they have contributed to a broader and more nuanced perspective on personality development and functioning in current psychological theories.
Sociological theories of deviance focus on how social structure and interactions influence behavior, while psychological theories emphasize individual traits and psychological factors that contribute to deviant behavior. Sociological theories consider deviance as a social construct shaped by norms and values, whereas psychological theories often examine internal processes like personality or cognition.
The principles and theories of curriculum development are used by educators and education planners to construct a curriculum appropriate to the students or the audience. When the curriculum have been drafted, it undergoes analysis in terms of what the students already know or should've known before the course. It is further evaluated according to its structure as well as the number of units accorded to it. When this is done, a course design or instructional design is developed based on the prescribed curriculum. The contents of the instructional design implemented to the students or the audience is how the principles and theories of curriculum development applied or spelled out in the classroom.
Psychological dimensions of curriculum development refer to the consideration of learners' cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral characteristics in designing educational content and strategies. This involves understanding how students learn, retain information, and engage with the curriculum to create effective learning experiences. It also includes addressing individual differences, motivation, and psychological principles to optimize learning outcomes.
historical, psychological, theological, methodological dimension
Most principles and theories of curriculum development emphasize the importance of setting clear goals and objectives, providing meaningful learning experiences, fostering student engagement and motivation, and assessing learning outcomes to ensure continual improvement. They also highlight the need to consider students' backgrounds, interests, and learning styles to create a relevant and effective curriculum.
Some theories that can guide curriculum development in the Philippines include constructivism, which focuses on student-centered learning and active participation; culturally relevant pedagogy, which emphasizes incorporating students' cultural backgrounds into the curriculum; and critical pedagogy, which promotes critical thinking and social justice in education. These theories can help educators create a curriculum that is engaging, relevant, and empowering for Filipino students.
There are several branches of curriculum theories, including social efficiency theory, developmentalist theory, reconceptualist theory, and critical theory. Each branch emphasizes different aspects of curriculum design, implementation, and evaluation, reflecting varying perspectives on the purpose and goals of education.
Biological theories of crime focus on genetic, neurological, and physiological factors that may predispose individuals to criminal behavior. Psychological theories, on the other hand, emphasize how individual personality traits, cognitive processes, and early childhood experiences may contribute to criminal behavior. Biological theories suggest that criminal behavior is linked to physical factors beyond an individual's control, while psychological theories emphasize the role of personal experiences and internal mental processes.