They are located near mines so that the minerals (iron ore, steel etc.) do not have to be transported very far, as costs for transportation are expensive.
See: Factories & Mines in the United Kingdom
Coal was needed as the energy source to run the machines. Transportation and labor costs were cut drastically by factories locating near the mines.
Rivers
apartment buildings were located near polluting factories- apex
Most factories in the 1800s were located in developed areas where there was a reliable source of fuel. They were often near sources of coal or on rivers to use the flowing water.
Paper factories are typically located near a water source for production processes like pulping and recycling. They are also often situated near transportation hubs for easy distribution of raw materials and finished products. Additionally, proximity to urban areas for workforce availability and market access is another consideration for the location of paper factories.
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In factories and mines and mills
apartment buildings were located near polluting factories- apex
Salt (NaCl) is extracted from mines and sea waters.
A bisbee blue is a form of turquoise which comes from copper mines located near Bisbee, Arizona.
Who moved to the American Southwest in large numbers in the 1920s to work on farms and ranches as well as in mines and factories?