0
What else can I help you with?
Does magnesium have a higher electronegativity than calcium?
No, calcium has a higher electronegativity than magnesium. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond, and calcium (Ca) has a higher electronegativity value than magnesium (Mg) on the periodic table.
Why doesn't hydrogen in hydrocarbons make hydrogen bonds?
For hydrogen atoms to have the ability to create hydrogen bonds they must be bonded to an electronegative atom such as fluorine or oxygen. (This creates a partial positive charge on the hydrogen.) Since hydrocarbons are composed of only hydrogen and carbon there is no polarity in the bonds (electronegativity difference of 0.4).
Can nitrogen form hydrogen bonds?
No element on its own can form hydrogen bonds. Only compounds where hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Hydrogen bonded to carbon and sulfur (selenium?) can also participate in strong hydrogen bonding when these atoms are bound to electronegative elements or ligands. (Eg. HCN, CHCl3, CH3COSH)
When very electronegative atoms like oxygen bond to atoms with lower electronegativity like lithium What is the result?
The oxygen atom becomes strongly negative. The hydrogen atom becomes partially positive.
Why is hydrogen peroxide polar?
Hydrogen peroxide is polar due to its angular shape. There are only two cases where a molecule is non-polar, which is when the molecule is pure covalent bond in linear or tetrahedral shape. Hydrogen peroxide is neither therefore it is polar.
Does magnesium have a higher electronegativity than calcium?
No, calcium has a higher electronegativity than magnesium. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond, and calcium (Ca) has a higher electronegativity value than magnesium (Mg) on the periodic table.
Why doesn't hydrogen in hydrocarbons make hydrogen bonds?
For hydrogen atoms to have the ability to create hydrogen bonds they must be bonded to an electronegative atom such as fluorine or oxygen. (This creates a partial positive charge on the hydrogen.) Since hydrocarbons are composed of only hydrogen and carbon there is no polarity in the bonds (electronegativity difference of 0.4).
When very electronegative atoms like oxygen bond to atoms with lower electronegativity like hydoge What is the result?
The more electronegative atom, such as oxygen, will have a partial negative charge (δ-) while the less electronegative atom, like hydrogen, will have a partial positive charge (δ+). This results in a polar covalent bond, where there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the two atoms.
When hydrogen is attached to a more electromotive element?
When hydrogen is attached to a more electronegative element, it tends to become more polarized due to the higher electronegativity difference. This can result in the hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge, making it more likely to participate in hydrogen bonding or interact with other electronegative species.
Why is oxygen nitrogen and fluorine elements in molecules that form strong hydrogen bonds?
Oxygen, nitrogen, and fluorine are highly electronegative elements, meaning they tend to attract electrons strongly. This high electronegativity creates a significant dipole in molecules, where the hydrogen atom bonded to these elements acquires a partial positive charge. As a result, the hydrogen atom can strongly interact with the lone pairs of electrons on adjacent electronegative atoms, forming strong hydrogen bonds. These interactions significantly influence the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.
Why is oxygen considered highly electronegative?
Oxygen is considered highly electronegative because it has a strong tendency to attract electrons towards itself when it forms chemical bonds with other elements. This is due to its high electronegativity value, which is a result of its small atomic size and high effective nuclear charge. The electronegativity of an atom is a measure of its ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.
When very electronegative atoms like fluorine bond to atoms with a lower electronegativity like hydrogen What is the result?
The electron pair in the bond is closer to the more electronegative atom, causing a partial negative charge on it and a partial positive charge on the less electronegative atom. This creates a polar covalent bond between the atoms.
Is CH3Cl a hydrogen bond?
No, CH3Cl (chloromethane) does not exhibit hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules with hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, which would result in a significant electronegative difference between hydrogen and the other atom. In CH3Cl, the hydrogen atom is bonded to carbon, which is less electronegative than hydrogen.
Why is the covalent bond between O and H considered polar?
Oxygen has an electronegativity of 3.44 Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.2 So Oxygen attracts the electrons so the oxygen side of the bond is more negative as the electron are closer to it, this forms permanent dipoles as parts of the molecule are have opposing charges. And that is a polar covalent bond and non polar bond is is where you have two elements with the same EN and the electron is equidistant from them. You can have non polar molecules with polar bonds for example carbon dioxide whitch is linear in shape so the charges cancel each other out.
Can nitrogen form hydrogen bonds?
No element on its own can form hydrogen bonds. Only compounds where hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. Hydrogen bonded to carbon and sulfur (selenium?) can also participate in strong hydrogen bonding when these atoms are bound to electronegative elements or ligands. (Eg. HCN, CHCl3, CH3COSH)
Why is it necessary for there to be a polar covalent bond in order for a hydrogen bond to occur?
A hydrogen bond occurs when a hydrogen atom from one molecule is attracted to an atom (usually oxygen) of another molecule. There is a small positive charge on a hydrogen atoms in many covalent bonds due to H's very low electronegativity. This results from a polar covalent bond. Likewise, there is usually a small negative charge on an oxygen atom in a covalent bond due to O's relatively large electronegativity. This is also the result of a polar covalent bond. The +/- attraction that results from these polar bonds is what a hydrogen bond actually is. In the absence of a polar covalent bond, there will be no residual charge left on either the hydrogen or the oxygen and therefore no hydrogen bonding will occur!
When strongly electronegative atoms like fluorine bond to atoms with a lower electronegativity like hydrogen what happens to the atoms?
As posed, the question makes no sense. Because fluorine is the most electronegative of all elements, absolutely anything that it bonds to must inevitably be less electronegative. So no general comment or answer is possible beyond what follows from its electronegativity - it has a high tendancy to gain an electron.
