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Some cave passages may break thru to the surface forming a sky-light. In the zone were the sunlight reaches the soil, trees can live for hundreds of years, growing up all the way out of the cave. Some caves that are large sinkholes have floors that are over an acre in size. It is like a mini-rainforest down deep in those caves.

Artificial light can be used to grow plants in caves. Commercial (or show-) caves sometimes have patches of algae growing near their lamps.*

Seedlings wash deep into caves and sprout, but they usually die off after a few weeks. But this can be a food source to tiny creatures that live in those passages.

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*Know collectively as "lampenflora" (German, lit. 'Lamp flora') and now regarded as a nuisance by many show-cave owners. Some show-caves arrange limited lighting, rather than leaving the flood-lights on all the time the cave is open for tours, to minimise such vegetation. The species are generally of ferns and algae introduced as spores on visitor's clothing or wafting in on air-currents.

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