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I have the same task. Maybe this one would work:

If amount of CaCO3 is known I would try to add stechiometric amount of any diluted acid (e.g. HCl), which would form Ca water soluble salt to solution of MgCO3/CaCO3 in water (note, that these salts are not soluble in water, therefore that will colloid solution).

The reaction would be

CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2.

Calcium is more reactive metal than Mg, therefore, CaCO3 would react first if you add acid. After all CaCO3 is consumed, just filter of MgCO3

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Q: Can you separate chemicaly MgCO3 from CaCO3?
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