CHEMICAL SYMBOLS and VALENCES of ELEMENTS and RADICALS 3/7/05 3:38 PM
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS and VALENCES of ELEMENTS and RADICALS
THOSE HAVING A POSITIVE VALENCE
Plus One Plus Two Plus Three Plus Four
Ammonium NH4 Barium Ba Aluminum Al Carbon C
Cadmium Cd Antimony Sb Silicon Si
Cuprous Cu
Calcium Ca Arsenic As
Hydrogen H
Cobalt Co Chromium Cr
Mercurous Hg
Cupric Cu Ferric Fe
Potassium K
Ferrous Fe
Silver Ag
Lead Pb
Sodium Na
Magnesium Mg
Manganese Mn
Mercuric Hg
Nickel Ni
Strontium Sr
Tin Sn
Zinc Zn
THOSE HAVING A NEGATIVE VALENCE
Minus One Minus Two Minus Three Minus Four
Acetate C2 H3 O2 Carbonate CO3 Arsenate AsO4 Silicate SiO4
HCO3 Chromate CrO4 Nitride N Ferrocyanide Fe(CN)6
Bicarbonate
PO4
Cr O Phosphate
Bromide Br Dichromate 2 7
Chloride Cl Oxide Fe(CN)6
O Ferricyanide
Cyanide CN Sulfide S
Fluoride F SO3
Sulfite
Hydroxide OH
SO4
I Sulfate
Iodide
NO3
Nitrate
MnO4
Permanganate
Thiocyanate SCN
The symbols of the elements named after planets are: Lead (Pb) named after the planet Saturn Mercury (Hg) named after the planet Mercury Platinum (Pt) named after the dwarf planet Pluto Uranium (U) named after the planet Uranus Other elements also have symbols that may resemble planet symbols, but these are specifically named after planets.
The main sources of chlorine radicals are reactions involving chlorine-containing compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. These compounds can release chlorine radicals when broken down by sunlight or other chemical reactions.
Free radicals contain a non-paired electron (they have 1 less electron than they should have), making them super-reactive. These radicals can cause mutation by reacting with the nitrogenous bases on our cell's DNA. Some mutation are harmless, very few are beneficial but most of them are dangerous because they mess up with the protein production in our cells. Remember that proteins are pretty much the basis of life.
Phosphate has a valency of -3 when it is in its ion form (PO4^3-). It can also form compounds with other elements where the valency can vary depending on the specific compound.
Substances that contain radicals are typically organic compounds, where a radical is an atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron. Common examples include alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. Radicals are important intermediates in many chemical reactions.
the key.
organizational chart
Legend Key
Arrow
A butyl is either of four isomeric univalent hydrocarbon radicals, chemical symbols C4H9.
Vanadium has the following valencies: 2, 3, 4 and 5.
The figured bass symbols chart provides information about the chords and their inversions that can be played above a given bass note in a piece of music.
Too many to count. Each character has little symbols that cannot be broken down any farther, called Radicals. Although there are common radicals, there are also uncommon ones, and new combinations to create different words are still being created.
it it a Legend
Within the 'for rent' building you will find a key chart which explains what the symbols on the wheel represent.
all symbol of flow chart
legend