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Did oil really come from fossils, or is there another explanation for its origins?
Oil is commonly believed to come from fossils, but there is another theory that suggests it may have formed from organic matter deep within the Earth. This theory is known as the abiotic theory of oil formation.
How does oil form?
There are two theories: biological origin (currently the dominant theory) and non-biological (not widely accepted in the scientific community, but with some good points to it). From Wikipedia ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum#F... ): Biogenic theory Most geologists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression and heating of ancient organic materials over geological time. According to this theory, oil is formed from the preserved remains of prehistoric zooplankton and algae which have been settled to the sea bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions. (Terrestrial plants tend to form coal, and very few dinosaurs have been converted into oil.) Over geological time this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under heavy layers of sediment. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material known as kerogen which is found in various oil shales around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Because most hydrocarbons are lighter than rock or water, these sometimes migrate upward through adjacent rock layers until they become trapped beneath impermeable rocks, within porous rocks called reservoirs. Concentration of hydrocarbons in a trap forms an oil field, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. Geologists often refer to an "oil window" which is the temperature range that oil forms in-below the minimum temperature oil remains trapped in the form of kerogen, and above the maximum temperature the oil is converted to natural gas through the process of thermal cracking. Though this happens at different depths in different locations around the world, a 'typical' depth for the oil window might be 4-6 km. Note that even if oil is formed at extreme depths, it may be trapped at much shallower depths, even if it is not formed there. (In the case of the Athabasca Oil Sands, it is found right at the surface.) Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: first, a source rock rich in organic material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil; second, a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in; and last a cap rock (seal) that prevents it from escaping to the surface. If an oil well were to run dry and be capped, it would be back to original supply rates eventually. There is considerable question about how long this would take. Some formations appear to have a regeneration time of decades. Majority opinion is that oil is being formed at less than 1% of the current consumption rate. The vast majority of oil that has been produced by the earth has long ago escaped to the surface and been biodegraded by oil-eating bacteria. What oil companies are looking for is the small fraction that has been trapped by this rare combination of circumstances. Oil sands are reservoirs of partially biodegraded oil still in the process of escaping, but contain so much migrating oil that, although most of it has escaped, vast amounts are still present - more than can be found in conventional oil reservoirs. On the other hand, oil shales are source rocks that have never been buried deep enough to convert their trapped kerogen into oil. The reactions that produce oil and natural gas are often modeled as first order breakdown reactions, where kerogen is broken down to oil and natural gas by a set of parallel reactions, and oil eventually breaks down to natural gas by another set of reactions. The first set was originally patented in 1694 under British Crown Patent No. 330 covering "a way to extract and make great quantityes of pitch, tarr, and oyle out of a sort of stone." The latter set is regularly used in petrochemical plants and oil refineries. [edit] Abiogenic theory Main article: Abiogenic petroleum origin The idea of abiogenic petroleum origin was championed in the Western world by astronomer Thomas Gold based on thoughts from Russia, mainly on studies of Nikolai Kudryavtsev. The idea proposes that large amounts of carbon exist naturally in the planet, some in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are less dense than aqueous pore fluids, and migrate upward through deep fracture networks. Thermophilic, rock-dwelling microbial life-forms are in part responsible for the biomarkers found in petroleum. However, this theory is very much a minority opinion, especially amongst western geologists. It often pops up when scientists are not able to explain apparent oil inflows into certain oil reservoirs. However, most of these "abiotic" fields are explained as being the result of geologic quirks. No western oil companies are currently known to explore for oil based on this theory.
Which is leading theory for for formation of fossil fuel?
orgenic matter was compressed and heatedBy: crystal :)
How much oil has been extracted from the earth so far?
As of 2021, it is estimated that approximately 1.5 trillion barrels of oil have been extracted from the earth.
How much oil has been pumped from the earth?
Around 1.2 trillion barrels of oil have been pumped from the earth since the beginning of the oil industry in the mid-19th century. It is estimated that we have consumed approximately two-thirds of the world's total oil reserves.
What is peak oil definition?
Peak oil is the theory that there is some point at which the production of oil can no longer expand, and will instead begin to contract. This is a very controversial theory, and some experts believe we have reached or will reach it soon. It presumes however that there are no other places from which oil is developed which we have not already found, but may discover later. If peak oil has been reached, then the supply of oil across the globe can be expected to begin declining. Again, this is one of many theories concerning oil currently.
Did oil really come from fossils, or is there another explanation for its origins?
Oil is commonly believed to come from fossils, but there is another theory that suggests it may have formed from organic matter deep within the Earth. This theory is known as the abiotic theory of oil formation.
Is oil an organic substance or inorganic substance?
The generally accepted consensus is that oil is organic. This, however, is only a theory. An opposing theory is that oil's origin is abiotic. According to this theory, oil is an inorganic substance created deep in the mantle, and is much more plentiful than we believe. Some scientists say both theories are correct and that there are two different kinds of oil.
How does oil form?
There are two theories: biological origin (currently the dominant theory) and non-biological (not widely accepted in the scientific community, but with some good points to it). From Wikipedia ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum#F... ): Biogenic theory Most geologists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression and heating of ancient organic materials over geological time. According to this theory, oil is formed from the preserved remains of prehistoric zooplankton and algae which have been settled to the sea bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions. (Terrestrial plants tend to form coal, and very few dinosaurs have been converted into oil.) Over geological time this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under heavy layers of sediment. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material known as kerogen which is found in various oil shales around the world, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Because most hydrocarbons are lighter than rock or water, these sometimes migrate upward through adjacent rock layers until they become trapped beneath impermeable rocks, within porous rocks called reservoirs. Concentration of hydrocarbons in a trap forms an oil field, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. Geologists often refer to an "oil window" which is the temperature range that oil forms in-below the minimum temperature oil remains trapped in the form of kerogen, and above the maximum temperature the oil is converted to natural gas through the process of thermal cracking. Though this happens at different depths in different locations around the world, a 'typical' depth for the oil window might be 4-6 km. Note that even if oil is formed at extreme depths, it may be trapped at much shallower depths, even if it is not formed there. (In the case of the Athabasca Oil Sands, it is found right at the surface.) Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: first, a source rock rich in organic material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil; second, a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in; and last a cap rock (seal) that prevents it from escaping to the surface. If an oil well were to run dry and be capped, it would be back to original supply rates eventually. There is considerable question about how long this would take. Some formations appear to have a regeneration time of decades. Majority opinion is that oil is being formed at less than 1% of the current consumption rate. The vast majority of oil that has been produced by the earth has long ago escaped to the surface and been biodegraded by oil-eating bacteria. What oil companies are looking for is the small fraction that has been trapped by this rare combination of circumstances. Oil sands are reservoirs of partially biodegraded oil still in the process of escaping, but contain so much migrating oil that, although most of it has escaped, vast amounts are still present - more than can be found in conventional oil reservoirs. On the other hand, oil shales are source rocks that have never been buried deep enough to convert their trapped kerogen into oil. The reactions that produce oil and natural gas are often modeled as first order breakdown reactions, where kerogen is broken down to oil and natural gas by a set of parallel reactions, and oil eventually breaks down to natural gas by another set of reactions. The first set was originally patented in 1694 under British Crown Patent No. 330 covering "a way to extract and make great quantityes of pitch, tarr, and oyle out of a sort of stone." The latter set is regularly used in petrochemical plants and oil refineries. [edit] Abiogenic theory Main article: Abiogenic petroleum origin The idea of abiogenic petroleum origin was championed in the Western world by astronomer Thomas Gold based on thoughts from Russia, mainly on studies of Nikolai Kudryavtsev. The idea proposes that large amounts of carbon exist naturally in the planet, some in the form of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are less dense than aqueous pore fluids, and migrate upward through deep fracture networks. Thermophilic, rock-dwelling microbial life-forms are in part responsible for the biomarkers found in petroleum. However, this theory is very much a minority opinion, especially amongst western geologists. It often pops up when scientists are not able to explain apparent oil inflows into certain oil reservoirs. However, most of these "abiotic" fields are explained as being the result of geologic quirks. No western oil companies are currently known to explore for oil based on this theory.
Does dodge Dakota have a oil sludge problem in the oil pan?
Not if the oil has been changed regularly.Not if the oil has been changed regularly.
Where does crude oil form?
New deposits of oil are becoming more difficult to find. Geologists and geophysicists work together to identify where oil is most likely to be found. If an exploration well is successful, this increases the chances that other fields in the same area may contain oil. The science of discovering new deposits of oil often relies on sophisticated analysis of seismic signals.
What is the Hubbert's peak oil theory?
Oil production in an oil producing region, will increase to maximum, and then begin to decline. Hubbert's article appeared in 1956, and his analysis concerned the United States. It was long recognized that the ultimate deposit of oil was not unlimited, but new technology in the 1950's continued to increase what could be exploited. His work did not include Alaskan oil reserves, as oil in Alaska had not been discovered. See links.
What is oil useful?
Used oil is oil that has already been employed for a purpose. Used motor oil, for example, is motor oil that has been run through an engine. Used cooking oil is oil that has been utilized in the preparation of food.
What is the natural form of oil?
The natural form of oil is called crude oil. Oil is developed from once living organisms that were transformed over geologic time into hydrocarbons from heat and pressure as the organisms were being buried and lithified. Straight from the earth, crude oil contains hydrocarbons plus small amounts of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, salt, water, and trace amounts of certain metals. Oil is found primarily in sedimentary rocks including limestone, sandstone, and shale. Crude oil is found in varying viscosities (thickness) depending on variabilities in the environment in which it was formed. The types and thickness of oil is determined by the number of carbon atoms that make up the hydrocarbon chain molecule. The more carbon atoms the thicker the oil. Oil refineries, using heating and distillation processes, break up long-chain hydrocarbons and separate crude oil into gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, lubricating oils, waxes and asphalt. After further processing at petrochemical plants, crude oil can be converted to fertilizer and plastics. Note that "bedrock" is the solid rock that underlies loose materials such as dirt, clay, sand, and gravel on the surface of the ground. Oil is ALWAYS found below bedrock. Oil cannot be found at any depth below about 30,000 feet. Large oil/gas discoveries have been found at just a few hundred feet in Appalachia, whereas offshore drilling prospects in say the gulf coast could reach depths of 20,000 feet or more. And this whole process of oil formation is classified into two, the biogenic process and abiogenic process. Biogenic meaning formation from decomposition of dead and decayed matter (organically formed), while Abiogenic is the formation from deposited minerals gotten from the earth itself (inorganically formed).
What lead to oil embargo by OPEC?
OPEC wanted to raise the price of oil, so they used the supply /demand theory to get what they wanted. They held back the oil and raised the demand for it.
What is the best oil?
canola oil has been proved to be the best type of oil
How did oil get under the ground?
Oil has been formed from dead organic matter over millions of years. Plants would die, be covered up by sediment, and over time, it would become what we now know today as crude oil. That is what has been believed for years. But there is another theory that oil is not a fossil fuel at all but is instead a product of the earth just like gold, silver, steel, and all the other things the earth produces. Oil has been found as deep as 23,000 feet. Ask yourself how did those plants and animals, that are supposed to be what crude oil is created from, get to a debt of over 4 miles down. To many people including me, that makes no sense at all.
