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Alkenes are used for artificial ripening of fruits, as a general anesthetic, for making poisonous mustard gas (War gas) and ethylene-oxygen flame.

1. Making plastics by polymerisation

2. Making ethylene glycol

3. Making industrial ethanol and further oxidation to ethanoic acid

4. Making Halogenoalkanes important industrial solvents

5. catalytic reforming to form benzene and other aryl compounds

From alkenes

In hydrohalogenation, an alkene reacts with a dry hydrogen halide (HX) like hydrogen chloride (HCl) or hydrogen bromide (HBr) to form a haloalkane. The double bond of the alkene is replaced by two new bonds, one with the halogen and one with the hydrogen atom of the hydrohalic acid. Markovnikov's rule states that in this reaction, the halogen is more likely to become attached to the more substituted carbon. This is a electrophilic addition reaction. Water must be absent otherwise there will be a side product(water). The reaction is necessarily to be carried out in a dry inert solvent such as CCl4 or directly in the gaseous phase.

Alkenes also react with halogens (X2) to form haloalkanes with two neighboring halogen atoms in a halogen addition reaction. This is sometimes known as "decolorizing" the halogen, since the reagent X2 is colored and the product is usually colorless.

Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation

C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH

This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The highest yields of ethylene glycol occur at acidic or neutral pH with a large excess of water. Under these conditions, ethylene glycol yields of 90% can be achieved. The major byproducts are the ethylene glycol oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol.

Ethanol for use as industrial feedstock is most often made from petrochemical feed stocks, typically by the acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene, represented by the chemical equation

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → CH3CH2OH(l).

The catalyst is most commonly phosphoric acid,[17] adsorbed onto a porous support such as diatomaceous earth or charcoal. This catalyst was first used for large-scale ethanol production by the Shell Oil Company in 1947.[18] The reaction is carried out with an excess of high pressure steam at 300°C.

2. Alkenes are compounds containing a Carbon-Carbon double bond. This gives them the ability to undergo addition polymerisation to form polymers (plastics). The simplest example of this is the polymerisation of ethene (also known as ethylene) monomers (H2C=CH2) by breaking their double bonds and forming single bonds between them, resulting in polyethene, more commonly known as polythene, a long repeated chain of -CH2-. There are a huge variety of polymers formed from alkenes in this way. Alkenes are also an important starting material in organic synthesis as they are able to undergo a large variety of addition reactions across the double bond, forming products such as halogenoalkanes, alcohols or amines.

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Related Questions

Can pt and pd be used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

Yes, both platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) can be used as catalysts in the hydrogenation of alkenes. These metals are often used in heterogeneous catalysis to facilitate the addition of hydrogen to alkenes, leading to the formation of alkanes.


Is Hydrogenation is used to convert alkenes and alkynes to alkanes?

Yes, hydrogenation is a chemical reaction process in which hydrogen is added across a double or triple bond in alkenes and alkynes to produce alkanes. This reaction is commonly used in the food industry to convert unsaturated fats into saturated fats.


What is the difference between alkenes and olefins?

Alkenes and olefins are the same type of hydrocarbon compound with a double bond between carbon atoms. In organic chemistry, they are often used interchangeably to refer to the same compound. The term "olefin" is more commonly used in industry and petroleum chemistry, while "alkene" is more common in academic and general organic chemistry contexts.


What do you use alkenes for?

Alkenes are commonly used in the production of plastics, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. They are also used in the synthesis of various organic compounds through different chemical reactions like polymerization and hydrohalogenation. Additionally, alkenes can be used as starting materials in the manufacture of detergents, solvents, and synthetic rubbers.


Does the tollens test deal with alkenes?

No, the Tollen's Silver Mirror Test only confirms the presence of aldehydes.


What are alkenes used for in everyday life?

Petrochemical Industries


Why alkenes are less reactive than alkenes?

Alkenes are less reactive than alkenes because the π bond in alkenes is stronger and less polarizable than the σ bond in alkenes. This makes breaking the π bond in alkenes more energy-demanding, leading to lower reactivity compared to alkenes.


What is the importance of alkenes?

Alkenes are very important as: 1. They are used in the manufacture of polythene, Mustard gas(beta-beta dichloro ethyl sulphide) 2. Ethene, one of the alkenes, is used as a general anaesthetic and for artificial ripening of fruits. 3. Alkenes are used as a starting material for a large number of chemicals of industrial use such as glycols(antifreeze) , ethyl halide and ethyl alcohol.


What are the examples of plastic that made of alkenes?

Examples of plastics that are made from alkenes include polyethylene (used in plastic bags, bottles, and packaging), polypropylene (used in containers, ropes, and textiles), and polystyrene (used in disposable utensils and packaging materials). These plastics are produced through polymerization of alkenes such as ethylene, propylene, and styrene.


Are alkenes electron withdrawing or donating?

Alkenes are electron donating.


What are the main two types of products of cracking and what are they used for?

Smaller alkanes and alkenes


Why are alkenes from alcohols not used on an industrial scale?

Since alcohols are obtained by hydration of alkenes, it is meaningless to manufacture alkenes from alkanes. Moreover, cracking hydrocarbons is a more effective and economical to make alkenes. Shawkat