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Caves in limestone are formed by water, collected by ground-water percolating into them &/or by swallowed streams. Even if the formative stream has long ceased to flow the cave will still collect percolating ground-water, which moves through joints and other discontinuities within the rock mass over the cave..

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11y ago
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8y ago

Principally, as by far the majority of the world's caves are formed in limestone uplands, by dissolution of the rock's calcium carbonate by slightly acid rain-water seeping through the joints and bedding-planes.

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In time the water forms discrete conduits though the rock mass, and these coalesce to develop passages and chambers. The passages will continue to develop as long as they carry their streams.

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This can happen only in soluble rocks: limestone and gypsum. Caves in other, insoluble, rocks are developed by other mechanisms.

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11y ago

water erosion can beat up against a rock and erode away sediment

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That's a fair stab at how sea-caves develop, but in limestone the action is dissolution by ground water of the rock's calcium carbonate, its primary constituent.

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11y ago

Assuming the rock is limestone, by the rock being dissolved by the slightly acidic water.

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Q: How can water erosion form a cave?
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